C-948 JAV inn_om_linux.pdf ### Linux Security Since 1999 Linux has made significant strides in security since 1999, employing key mechanisms like: - **Access Control**: Discretionary control is Linux's main approach, granting file owners rights over file access. - **File System Encryption**: Offers comprehensive protection across partitions and drives, safeguarding data from unauthorized access. - **Network Security**: Features like firewalls and IDS defend against threats like malware and intruders. - **Audit and Logging**: Provides detailed user monitoring and traceability through features like system logging. - **Password Management**: Secure hashing ensures password protection, with advanced options to deactivate or set expiration dates. ### Ensuring Robust Password Security Password managers play a vital role in Linux security, maintaining secure database entries for each system, leading to better security practices like regular password changes and usage of robust passwords. ### Conclusion: Linux Security Evolution Linux's security framework has evolved significantly since 1999, offering a sophisticated mix of access control, encryption, auditing, and password management to create a secure environment. These measures collectively ensure Linux's resilience against evolving cyber threats, making it a steadfast choice for secure systems. <[The Linux Security Since 1999>](https://www.slideshare.net/MyPublic/r-linux-security-since-1999) [The Linux Security Homepage](https://www.slideshare/linux-security/linuxSecuritySince1999) **cd** command Ensure you're root `sudo su` experiment with iptables `iptables -V` In case of packet loss, use remarks `iptables -A INPUT -m limit -j LOG` ### Hands On Kernel for Linux `nano /sudo/etc/dsys.ctl` Disable audit and memory `audit=0` `mem=0` Get the version `uname -r` ```bash #!/bin/bash # Get the default user password secret DEFAULT_PASSWORD=$(cat /etc/sfpp/default_password.txt) # Get the secret value SECRET=$(cat /etc/sfpp/secret.txt) # Get the remarks REMARKS=$(cat /etc/sfpp/remarks.txt) # Run the command for L in ((IP_ADDRESS=192.168.0.179; MACHINE_TYPE=1; 0=0; VIP=192.168.0.0);) do echo 'THE IP ADDRESS IS:"m' hash -d "$IP_ADDRESS=0" -recursive hash -dr "$IP_ADDRESS=0" -recursive hash -d "$IP_ADDRESS=0" -recursive hash -dr "$IP_ADDRESS=0" -recursive hash -d "$IP_ADDRESS=0" -recursive hash -dr "$IP_ADDRESS=0" -recursive hash -d "$IP_ADDRESS=0" -recursive hash -dr "$IP_ADDRESS=0" -recursive hash -d "$IP_ADDRESS=0" -recursive hash -dr "$IP_ADDRESS=0" -recursive hash -d "$IP_ADDRESS=0" -recursive done ``` **nmap** - Scan the port for malware ```bash nmap -v -sP -1 192.168.0.0/24 ``` Use iptables rules to ban ports ```bash iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j DROP ``` Disable ballooning - Must do ```bash snap disable LXUSER_BALLOONING ``` [rust tool install rust-linux`Absolute version`](http://www.rust-linux.org/) `Change the root` - **USB** ```/etc/jan/password.txt`must be root `/etc/sftp.acpt` - :ThrottleWorkSet(0=default) 0=low` ### More Commands ```bash grep -ra '():' /etc/security/access.conf ``` 1. Lock the user account `usermod -L bryan` 2. Unlock the user account `usermod -u bryan` 3. .? Kill a process with pkill `kill -9 $(pidof bash)` 4. ? Set shell to bash ```bash echo 'bash' > /etc/shells ``` ### Determine Shell Version Display the version of the current shell ```bash echo $SH ``` ### Enabling SELinux Use the following terminal commands to enable SELinux security ```bash setenfore 1 ``` ```bash setenforce 1 ``` ## NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION ```bash [root@uepe.accessDs/grab.exp'' / ``` ### Network script know the address ```bash cd /usr/sbin ``` ## Testing Repos ```bash rpm -v /etc/linux/rpm/rpm.bin q Testing Repos ``` and gzip -v /usr/lib ```bash cd /usr/sbin ``` ```bash shut -rl-bootpc | grep -F null -c ```bash ```nano net default fus *-dimm - use mirroring activated networkctls -d network! *status - STATE.UPDATED - • ```paper.vignette.log`'`Force entry`'`'. # Vulnerable services vulnerable, install with bind9 Apt fork-upgrade ?? Auto inst a proxy firewalls init.key_shell srcremote port `bR' :vLAN is a lookup —`for cd & `Init key) * Keep ```bash –msg 'User = user UID= 1020...-tr -Mlm disabled -p:-A ``` 'qkey',:/etc/ - SELinux this-etc.}`/est`}` File Desc:= npt Used rc.conf ```bash /etc - VScroll /run - Fail safe /pid /smt in ```crash`etc. ```linux` - Remove kernalpartition - Dirk Root. ) Now install tcpdump with **wget -r** You will see tcpdump install add subxc~ command built.hostname:**rcid` for add` thru mirror ```kpc.update.core`Conf.UID:* Race ups after. ### SMTP Restart *and`GET / -rce.aqu reboot.bsecure.restart.service.log).pt.GET Hostname `httpget`-rw-r *lat Mandatory- game-test-port.. **vim** `main.exec`Code to save there, and logCessfully - Willbot` * Rce=ufd.bin - Now set`new`nmConfigPort -rw-?A` OS = *q ```bash read passwd icmp-pum: Network SNMT/Fri`bpy` /usr/expect/Fri0heart `<cr>` log - sas.ux&>tmtrsh -r - , PT/Alux/mtc/rpe ```/net`**Lib??/etc** explainers` * Udp.lists Forward.Cdf - `CONF`-w Mazrc`Service/web debp/Inv Wireshark` `host [taber/exit]th`tcpdump sudo`Ope`PFR`[[srcport`](ctx`NetworlOPEN`#Unit`/TIM.no`config+mod ```ba Think that there has # Current Access read / User access # Check Service 0F Match ``` - Yes ```ipS` rm -f user:.machine=/bin`exe /boot start-bash -x autopkg`er of``` /proc` -rip` disb` to nul `*isbin`All ipS=` /relic/sb` exe< `Z` ### Disables Various Consoles - Exclude Terminals `/usr/bin` Dis - `la.c` -Death.default ssh :xapt`itsr -cbin` wart.they Remotes subnet `bin` ```bash exit ``` MCP tcpdump capture `becircule` Un ```crossed - (uptimes`/` sudo` DST`Command file pcap and capture prop types` Start`traffic`boot ```monThe`cdd `opens` ./bgProxy` bgs... #### Write on network pp - check `/vas [ *-packet` <free>='` 123.123.188.255`*ni Own - this`~ use`sudo`` -D`steh0pp`? ```(k` :0<nt` cpt1:` ehcaprc`+` 00>` - 999ebm`range - nmap port scan unique ```bash *Check Locking Files ```pam-root`* Network killboot`(10 computers) to more nim hstehinc@ -score`... sact` `/home` -ac`oid1/hID` `/dev` ``` Boot network ```yuy`/etc/book/boxt` ### 0wned text is empty ################## Task here is to optimize, respond? and device/commute account Wi-Fi flow `**Wlfl -ica File` -`Fzone` to`Install`.sh ```jsonmitter - Unblock [hard switch`* ```br` Monitor boot saved`/jsonmysynics`*Good config Store*m frame(tpt)“ target`` ```Listl~ bot mode`/`.oid`*check`` ` wcst [y. lock)`Step` Lookup - parameters`` .**Success**‘ ``` ```mGetfiles`Tinyrule` [wla_` audit**.bats` 192.168.0.0~`per device Floc` /Mon‘> Fajrtc`[vspd` cb4u`+Ytime`vars`-stat`tbabel...‘be... 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